diff --git a/unshackle/commands/dl.py b/unshackle/commands/dl.py
index a3de0c4..a83890c 100644
--- a/unshackle/commands/dl.py
+++ b/unshackle/commands/dl.py
@@ -1137,7 +1137,10 @@ class dl:
                 },
             )
 
-        with console.status("Authenticating with Remote Service..." if self.is_remote else "Authenticating with Service...", spinner="dots"):
+        with console.status(
+            "Authenticating with Remote Service..." if self.is_remote else "Authenticating with Service...",
+            spinner="dots",
+        ):
             try:
                 cookies = self.get_cookie_jar(self.service, self.profile)
                 credential = self.get_credentials(self.service, self.profile)
@@ -1162,7 +1165,9 @@ class dl:
                     )
                 raise
 
-        with console.status("Fetching Remote Title Metadata..." if self.is_remote else "Fetching Title Metadata...", spinner="dots"):
+        with console.status(
+            "Fetching Remote Title Metadata..." if self.is_remote else "Fetching Title Metadata...", spinner="dots"
+        ):
             try:
                 titles = service.get_titles_cached()
                 if not titles:
@@ -1513,9 +1518,9 @@ class dl:
                         title.tracks.add(non_sdh_sub)
                         events.subscribe(
                             events.Types.TRACK_MULTIPLEX,
-                            lambda track, sub_id=non_sdh_sub.id: (track.strip_hearing_impaired())
-                            if track.id == sub_id
-                            else None,
+                            lambda track, sub_id=non_sdh_sub.id: (
+                                (track.strip_hearing_impaired()) if track.id == sub_id else None
+                            ),
                         )
 
             with console.status("Sorting tracks by language and bitrate...", spinner="dots"):
@@ -1596,14 +1601,14 @@ class dl:
                             lambda x: x.bitrate and vbitrate_min <= x.bitrate // 1000 <= vbitrate_max
                         )
                         if not title.tracks.videos:
-                            self.log.error(
-                                f"No Video Track in {vbitrate_min}-{vbitrate_max}kbps range..."
-                            )
+                            self.log.error(f"No Video Track in {vbitrate_min}-{vbitrate_max}kbps range...")
                             sys.exit(1)
 
                     effective_video_lang = v_lang or lang
                     video_languages = [lang for lang in effective_video_lang if lang != "best"]
-                    video_multi_lang = "best" in effective_video_lang or "all" in effective_video_lang or len(video_languages) > 1
+                    video_multi_lang = (
+                        "best" in effective_video_lang or "all" in effective_video_lang or len(video_languages) > 1
+                    )
                     if video_languages and "all" not in video_languages:
                         processed_video_lang = []
                         for language in video_languages:
@@ -1715,9 +1720,7 @@ class dl:
                         if non_hybrid_ranges and non_hybrid_tracks:
                             # Include language dimension when multiple video languages were requested
                             if video_multi_lang:
-                                non_hybrid_langs = list(
-                                    dict.fromkeys(str(v.language) for v in non_hybrid_tracks)
-                                )
+                                non_hybrid_langs = list(dict.fromkeys(str(v.language) for v in non_hybrid_tracks))
                             else:
                                 non_hybrid_langs = [None]
                             for resolution, color_range, codec, vlang in product(
@@ -1743,9 +1746,7 @@ class dl:
                     else:
                         selected_videos: list[Video] = []
                         if video_multi_lang:
-                            unique_video_langs = list(
-                                dict.fromkeys(str(v.language) for v in title.tracks.videos)
-                            )
+                            unique_video_langs = list(dict.fromkeys(str(v.language) for v in title.tracks.videos))
                         else:
                             unique_video_langs = [None]
                         for resolution, color_range, codec, vlang in product(
@@ -1754,11 +1755,7 @@ class dl:
                             candidates = [
                                 t
                                 for t in title.tracks.videos
-                                if (
-                                    not resolution
-                                    or t.height == resolution
-                                    or int(t.width * (9 / 16)) == resolution
-                                )
+                                if (not resolution or t.height == resolution or int(t.width * (9 / 16)) == resolution)
                                 and (not color_range or t.range == color_range)
                                 and (not codec or t.codec == codec)
                                 and (vlang is None or str(t.language) == vlang)
@@ -1875,9 +1872,7 @@ class dl:
                             lambda x: x.bitrate and abitrate_min <= x.bitrate // 1000 <= abitrate_max
                         )
                         if not title.tracks.audio:
-                            self.log.error(
-                                f"No Audio Track in {abitrate_min}-{abitrate_max}kbps range..."
-                            )
+                            self.log.error(f"No Audio Track in {abitrate_min}-{abitrate_max}kbps range...")
                             sys.exit(1)
                     audio_languages = a_lang or lang
                     if audio_languages:
@@ -2259,13 +2254,9 @@ class dl:
                                 if cc:
                                     cc.cc = True
                                     title.tracks.add(cc)
-                                    self.log.info(
-                                        f"Extracted a Closed Caption from Video track {video_track_n + 1}"
-                                    )
+                                    self.log.info(f"Extracted a Closed Caption from Video track {video_track_n + 1}")
                                 else:
-                                    self.log.info(
-                                        f"No Closed Captions were found in Video track {video_track_n + 1}"
-                                    )
+                                    self.log.info(f"No Closed Captions were found in Video track {video_track_n + 1}")
                             except EnvironmentError:
                                 self.log.error(
                                     "Cannot extract Closed Captions as the ccextractor executable was not found..."
@@ -2327,7 +2318,9 @@ class dl:
 
                     def enqueue_mux_tasks(task_description: str, base_tracks: Tracks) -> None:
                         if merge_audio or not base_tracks.audio:
-                            task_id = progress.add_task(f"{task_description}...", total=None, start=False, downloaded="")
+                            task_id = progress.add_task(
+                                f"{task_description}...", total=None, start=False, downloaded=""
+                            )
                             multiplex_tasks.append((task_id, base_tracks, None))
                             return
 
@@ -2665,9 +2658,7 @@ class dl:
                     title_data["subtitles"] = subs
 
             section_order = ["manifest", "video", "audio", "subtitles", "other"]
-            keys[str(title)] = {
-                k: title_data[k] for k in section_order if k in title_data
-            }
+            keys[str(title)] = {k: title_data[k] for k in section_order if k in title_data}
 
             export.write_text(jsonpickle.dumps(keys, indent=4), encoding="utf8")
 
@@ -2699,7 +2690,9 @@ class dl:
                 return
             svc = getattr(self, "_remote_service", None)
             server_drm_type = getattr(svc, "_server_cdm_type", None) if svc else None
-            drm_name = {"widevine": "Widevine", "playready": "PlayReady"}.get(server_drm_type or "", drm.__class__.__name__)
+            drm_name = {"widevine": "Widevine", "playready": "PlayReady"}.get(
+                server_drm_type or "", drm.__class__.__name__
+            )
             with self.DRM_TABLE_LOCK:
                 pssh_str = ""
                 expected_class = "PlayReady" if server_drm_type == "playready" else "Widevine"
@@ -2727,10 +2720,7 @@ class dl:
                 for kid, key in drm.content_keys.items():
                     if kid not in all_kids:
                         cek_tree.add(f"[text2]{kid.hex}:{key}")
-                if not any(
-                    isinstance(x, Tree) and x.label == cek_tree.label
-                    for x in table.columns[0].cells
-                ):
+                if not any(isinstance(x, Tree) and x.label == cek_tree.label for x in table.columns[0].cells):
                     table.add_row(cek_tree)
             return
 
diff --git a/unshackle/commands/search.py b/unshackle/commands/search.py
index 450f263..a2767eb 100644
--- a/unshackle/commands/search.py
+++ b/unshackle/commands/search.py
@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ def search(ctx: click.Context, no_proxy: bool, profile: Optional[str] = None, pr
                 # requesting proxy from a specific proxy provider
                 requested_provider, proxy = proxy.split(":", maxsplit=1)
             # Match simple region codes (us, ca, uk1) or provider:region format (nordvpn:ca, windscribe:us)
-            if re.match(r"^[a-z]{2}(?:\d+)?$", proxy, re.IGNORECASE) or re.match(r"^[a-z]+:[a-z]{2}(?:\d+)?$", proxy, re.IGNORECASE):
+            if re.match(r"^[a-z]{2}(?:\d+)?$", proxy, re.IGNORECASE) or re.match(
+                r"^[a-z]+:[a-z]{2}(?:\d+)?$", proxy, re.IGNORECASE
+            ):
                 proxy = proxy.lower()
                 with console.status(f"Getting a Proxy to {proxy}...", spinner="dots"):
                     if requested_provider:
diff --git a/unshackle/commands/serve.py b/unshackle/commands/serve.py
index 46144c4..5741759 100644
--- a/unshackle/commands/serve.py
+++ b/unshackle/commands/serve.py
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ def serve(
         if global_services:
             log.info(f"Global service allowlist: {', '.join(global_services)}")
         users = config.serve.get("users", {})
-        for user_key, user_cfg in (users.items() if isinstance(users, dict) else []):
+        for user_key, user_cfg in users.items() if isinstance(users, dict) else []:
             user_services = user_cfg.get("services") if isinstance(user_cfg, dict) else None
             if user_services:
                 username = user_cfg.get("username", user_key[:8] + "...")
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ def serve(
 
             # Start session cleanup loop for remote-dl sessions
             from unshackle.core.api.session_store import get_session_store
+
             session_store = get_session_store()
 
             async def start_session_cleanup(_app: web.Application) -> None:
@@ -233,9 +234,13 @@ def serve(
 
                     if serve_playready_flag and request.path.startswith("/playready"):
                         from pyplayready import __version__ as pyplayready_version
-                        response.headers["Server"] = f"https://git.gay/ready-dl/pyplayready serve v{pyplayready_version}"
+
+                        response.headers["Server"] = (
+                            f"https://git.gay/ready-dl/pyplayready serve v{pyplayready_version}"
+                        )
 
                     return response
+
                 return serve_authentication
 
             if no_key:
@@ -249,6 +254,7 @@ def serve(
 
             # Start session cleanup loop for remote-dl sessions
             from unshackle.core.api.session_store import get_session_store
+
             session_store = get_session_store()
 
             async def start_session_cleanup(_app: web.Application) -> None:
@@ -292,6 +298,7 @@ def serve(
 
                 async def playready_ping(_: web.Request) -> web.Response:
                     from pyplayready import __version__ as pyplayready_version
+
                     response = web.json_response({"message": "OK"})
                     response.headers["Server"] = f"https://git.gay/ready-dl/pyplayready serve v{pyplayready_version}"
                     return response
diff --git a/unshackle/core/api/handlers.py b/unshackle/core/api/handlers.py
index f2c7403..9739132 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/api/handlers.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/api/handlers.py
@@ -612,7 +612,9 @@ async def list_titles_handler(data: Dict[str, Any], request: Optional[web.Reques
                         service_kwargs[param_name] = False
                     else:
                         # Log warning for unknown required parameters
-                        log.warning(f"Unknown required parameter '{_sanitize_log(param_name)}' for service {_sanitize_log(normalized_service)}")
+                        log.warning(
+                            f"Unknown required parameter '{_sanitize_log(param_name)}' for service {_sanitize_log(normalized_service)}"
+                        )
 
         # Filter out any parameters that the service doesn't accept
         filtered_kwargs = {}
@@ -764,7 +766,9 @@ async def list_tracks_handler(data: Dict[str, Any], request: Optional[web.Reques
                         service_kwargs[param_name] = False
                     else:
                         # Log warning for unknown required parameters
-                        log.warning(f"Unknown required parameter '{_sanitize_log(param_name)}' for service {_sanitize_log(normalized_service)}")
+                        log.warning(
+                            f"Unknown required parameter '{_sanitize_log(param_name)}' for service {_sanitize_log(normalized_service)}"
+                        )
 
         # Filter out any parameters that the service doesn't accept
         filtered_kwargs = {}
diff --git a/unshackle/core/cdm/loader.py b/unshackle/core/cdm/loader.py
index f5aaba0..7f0a7f4 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/cdm/loader.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/cdm/loader.py
@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ def _load_remote_cdm(
                 cdm_api["secret"] = config.decrypt_labs_api_key
             else:
                 raise ValueError(
-                    f"No secret provided for DecryptLabs CDM '{cdm_name}' and no global "
-                    "decrypt_labs_api_key configured"
+                    f"No secret provided for DecryptLabs CDM '{cdm_name}' and no global decrypt_labs_api_key configured"
                 )
 
         return DecryptLabsRemoteCDM(service_name=service_name, vaults=vaults, **cdm_api)
diff --git a/unshackle/core/downloaders/requests.py b/unshackle/core/downloaders/requests.py
index 65a61e8..3db3ea9 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/downloaders/requests.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/downloaders/requests.py
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ RETRY_WAIT = 2
 PROGRESS_WINDOW = 2
 
 # Adaptive chunk sizing — benchmarked optimal range
-MIN_CHUNK = 524_288      # 512KB
-MAX_CHUNK = 4_194_304    # 4MB
+MIN_CHUNK = 524_288  # 512KB
+MAX_CHUNK = 4_194_304  # 4MB
 DEFAULT_CHUNK = 524_288  # 512KB
 SPEED_ROLLING_WINDOW = 10  # seconds of history to keep for speed calculation
 
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ def _is_requests_session(session: Any) -> bool:
 def _is_rnet_session(session: Any) -> bool:
     """Check if the session is an RnetSession (uses resp.stream())."""
     from unshackle.core.session import RnetSession
+
     return isinstance(session, RnetSession)
 
 
diff --git a/unshackle/core/drm/playready.py b/unshackle/core/drm/playready.py
index 7907100..4b444a9 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/drm/playready.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/drm/playready.py
@@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ class PlayReady:
             pssh_boxes.extend(
                 Box.parse(base64.b64decode(x.uri.split(",")[-1]))
                 for x in (master.session_keys or master.keys)
-                if x and x.keyformat and x.keyformat.lower() in {
-                    f"urn:uuid:{PSSH.SYSTEM_ID}", "com.microsoft.playready"
-                }
+                if x
+                and x.keyformat
+                and x.keyformat.lower() in {f"urn:uuid:{PSSH.SYSTEM_ID}", "com.microsoft.playready"}
             )
 
         init_data = track.get_init_segment(session=session)
@@ -360,10 +360,7 @@ class PlayReady:
         # but the real KID for the license server. Add zero-KID fallback entries so
         # mp4decrypt can match when the file's default KID is all zeros.
         zero_kid = "00" * 16
-        existing_kids = {
-            kid.hex if hasattr(kid, "hex") else str(kid).replace("-", "")
-            for kid in self.content_keys
-        }
+        existing_kids = {kid.hex if hasattr(kid, "hex") else str(kid).replace("-", "") for kid in self.content_keys}
         if zero_kid not in existing_kids:
             for key in self.content_keys.values():
                 key_hex = key if isinstance(key, str) else key.hex()
@@ -378,7 +375,7 @@ class PlayReady:
         ]
 
         try:
-            subprocess.run(cmd, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True, encoding='utf-8')
+            subprocess.run(cmd, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True, encoding="utf-8")
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
             error_msg = e.stderr if e.stderr else f"mp4decrypt failed with exit code {e.returncode}"
             raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(e.returncode, cmd, output=e.stdout, stderr=error_msg)
diff --git a/unshackle/core/drm/widevine.py b/unshackle/core/drm/widevine.py
index 9f3bc2e..09596aa 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/drm/widevine.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/drm/widevine.py
@@ -296,10 +296,7 @@ class Widevine:
         # but the real KID for the license server. Add zero-KID fallback entries so
         # mp4decrypt can match when the file's default KID is all zeros.
         zero_kid = "00" * 16
-        existing_kids = {
-            kid.hex if hasattr(kid, "hex") else str(kid).replace("-", "")
-            for kid in self.content_keys
-        }
+        existing_kids = {kid.hex if hasattr(kid, "hex") else str(kid).replace("-", "") for kid in self.content_keys}
         if zero_kid not in existing_kids:
             for key in self.content_keys.values():
                 key_hex = key if isinstance(key, str) else key.hex()
@@ -314,7 +311,7 @@ class Widevine:
         ]
 
         try:
-            subprocess.run(cmd, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True, encoding='utf-8')
+            subprocess.run(cmd, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True, encoding="utf-8")
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
             error_msg = e.stderr if e.stderr else f"mp4decrypt failed with exit code {e.returncode}"
             raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(e.returncode, cmd, output=e.stdout, stderr=error_msg)
diff --git a/unshackle/core/manifests/dash.py b/unshackle/core/manifests/dash.py
index b9cdaf4..2902fec 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/manifests/dash.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/manifests/dash.py
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ class DASH:
                         "save_dir": str(save_dir),
                         "save_path": str(save_path),
                         "downloader": "requests",
-                                            },
+                    },
                 )
             raise FileNotFoundError(error_msg)
 
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ class DASH:
                     "segments_found": len(segments_to_merge),
                     "segment_files": [f.name for f in segments_to_merge[:10]],  # Limit to first 10
                     "downloader": "requests",
-                                    },
+                },
             )
 
         if not segments_to_merge:
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ class DASH:
                         "save_dir": str(save_dir),
                         "directory_contents": [str(p) for p in all_contents],
                         "downloader": "requests",
-                                            },
+                    },
                 )
             raise FileNotFoundError(error_msg)
 
@@ -577,8 +577,8 @@ class DASH:
         # Find the sidx box in the data
         offset = 0
         while offset < len(data) - 8:
-            box_size = struct.unpack(">I", data[offset:offset + 4])[0]
-            if box_size < 8 or data[offset + 4:offset + 8] != b"sidx":
+            box_size = struct.unpack(">I", data[offset : offset + 4])[0]
+            if box_size < 8 or data[offset + 4 : offset + 8] != b"sidx":
                 offset += max(box_size, 8)
                 continue
 
@@ -589,14 +589,14 @@ class DASH:
             pos += 4  # timescale
 
             if version == 0:
-                first_offset = struct.unpack(">I", data[pos + 4:pos + 8])[0]
+                first_offset = struct.unpack(">I", data[pos + 4 : pos + 8])[0]
                 pos += 8
             else:
-                first_offset = struct.unpack(">Q", data[pos + 8:pos + 16])[0]
+                first_offset = struct.unpack(">Q", data[pos + 8 : pos + 16])[0]
                 pos += 16
 
             pos += 2  # reserved
-            reference_count = struct.unpack(">H", data[pos:pos + 2])[0]
+            reference_count = struct.unpack(">H", data[pos : pos + 2])[0]
             pos += 2
 
             idx_end = int(index_range.split("-")[1])
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ class DASH:
             segments = []
 
             for _ in range(reference_count):
-                ref_size = struct.unpack(">I", data[pos:pos + 4])[0] & 0x7FFFFFFF
+                ref_size = struct.unpack(">I", data[pos : pos + 4])[0] & 0x7FFFFFFF
                 pos += 12  # ref_info + subseg_duration + SAP fields
                 seg_end = current_offset + ref_size - 1
                 segments.append(f"{current_offset}-{seg_end}")
diff --git a/unshackle/core/manifests/hls.py b/unshackle/core/manifests/hls.py
index 08ad646..a381ac8 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/manifests/hls.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/manifests/hls.py
@@ -116,12 +116,14 @@ class HLS:
         cc_by_group_id: dict[str, list[dict[str, Any]]] = {}
         for media in self.manifest.media:
             if media.type == "CLOSED-CAPTIONS":
-                cc_by_group_id.setdefault(media.group_id, []).append({
-                    "language": media.language,
-                    "name": media.name,
-                    "instream_id": media.instream_id,
-                    "characteristics": media.characteristics,
-                })
+                cc_by_group_id.setdefault(media.group_id, []).append(
+                    {
+                        "language": media.language,
+                        "name": media.name,
+                        "instream_id": media.instream_id,
+                        "characteristics": media.characteristics,
+                    }
+                )
         tracks = Tracks()
 
         for playlist in self.manifest.playlists:
@@ -313,8 +315,8 @@ class HLS:
         # H.264: NAL type 7 (SPS), identified by byte & 0x1F == 7
         # H.265: NAL type 33 (SPS), identified by (byte >> 1) & 0x3F == 33
         for i in range(len(data) - 4):
-            start3 = data[i:i + 3] == b"\x00\x00\x01"
-            start4 = data[i:i + 4] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x01"
+            start3 = data[i : i + 3] == b"\x00\x00\x01"
+            start4 = data[i : i + 4] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x01"
             if not start3 and not start4:
                 continue
             offset = i + (4 if start4 else 3)
@@ -327,7 +329,7 @@ class HLS:
 
             # H.264 SPS (NAL type 7)
             if h264_type == 7:
-                sps = data[offset:offset + 64]
+                sps = data[offset : offset + 64]
                 if len(sps) < 5:
                     continue
                 try:
@@ -385,7 +387,7 @@ class HLS:
 
             # H.265 SPS (NAL type 33)
             elif h265_type == 33:
-                sps = data[offset:offset + 128]
+                sps = data[offset : offset + 128]
                 if len(sps) < 10:
                     continue
                 try:
@@ -506,9 +508,7 @@ class HLS:
                     sys.exit(1)
                 playlist_text = response.text
             else:
-                raise TypeError(
-                    f"Expected response to be a requests.Response or rnet.Response, not {type(response)}"
-                )
+                raise TypeError(f"Expected response to be a requests.Response or rnet.Response, not {type(response)}")
 
             master = m3u8.loads(playlist_text, uri=track.url)
 
@@ -821,9 +821,7 @@ class HLS:
                         res.raise_for_status()
                         init_content = res.content
                     else:
-                        raise TypeError(
-                            f"Expected response to be requests.Response or rnet.Response, not {type(res)}"
-                        )
+                        raise TypeError(f"Expected response to be requests.Response or rnet.Response, not {type(res)}")
 
                     map_data = (segment.init_section, init_content)
 
@@ -910,7 +908,7 @@ class HLS:
                     "segments_found": len(segments_to_merge),
                     "segment_files": [f.name for f in segments_to_merge[:10]],  # Limit to first 10
                     "downloader": "requests",
-                                    },
+                },
             )
 
         if not segments_to_merge:
@@ -928,7 +926,7 @@ class HLS:
                         "save_dir_exists": save_dir.exists(),
                         "directory_contents": [str(p) for p in all_contents],
                         "downloader": "requests",
-                                            },
+                    },
                 )
             raise FileNotFoundError(error_msg)
 
diff --git a/unshackle/core/manifests/ism.py b/unshackle/core/manifests/ism.py
index 778a625..c385bc0 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/manifests/ism.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/manifests/ism.py
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class ISM:
                     "downloader": "requests",
                     "has_drm": bool(session_drm),
                     "drm_type": session_drm.__class__.__name__ if session_drm else None,
-                                        "save_path": str(save_path),
+                    "save_path": str(save_path),
                 },
             )
 
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ class ISM:
                         "save_dir": str(save_dir),
                         "save_path": str(save_path),
                         "downloader": "requests",
-                                            },
+                    },
                 )
             raise FileNotFoundError(error_msg)
 
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ class ISM:
                     "segments_found": len(segments_to_merge),
                     "segment_files": [f.name for f in segments_to_merge[:10]],  # Limit to first 10
                     "downloader": "requests",
-                                    },
+                },
             )
 
         if not segments_to_merge:
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ class ISM:
                         "save_dir": str(save_dir),
                         "directory_contents": [str(p) for p in all_contents],
                         "downloader": "requests",
-                                            },
+                    },
                 )
             raise FileNotFoundError(error_msg)
 
diff --git a/unshackle/core/proxies/windscribevpn.py b/unshackle/core/proxies/windscribevpn.py
index 2233cca..c136b63 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/proxies/windscribevpn.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/proxies/windscribevpn.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class WindscribeVPN(Proxy):
             if not hostname:
                 return None
 
-        hostname = hostname.split(':')[0]
+        hostname = hostname.split(":")[0]
         return f"https://{self.username}:{self.password}@{hostname}:443"
 
     def get_specific_server(self, country_code: str, server_num: str) -> Optional[str]:
diff --git a/unshackle/core/session.py b/unshackle/core/session.py
index 733fe8c..2529934 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/session.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/session.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ def _resolve_impersonate(browser: str) -> rnet.Impersonate:
         f"See rnet.Impersonate for all available presets."
     )
 
+
 # Map string method names to rnet.Method enum
 _METHOD_MAP: dict[str, rnet.Method] = {
     "GET": rnet.Method.GET,
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ class RnetResponse:
 
     def json(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         import json as _json
+
         return _json.loads(self.content)
 
     def raise_for_status(self) -> None:
@@ -319,8 +321,9 @@ class RnetCookieAdapter(MutableMapping):
             self._flat[name] = value
             self._set_cookie_on_client("https://localhost", name, value)
 
-    def get(self, name: str, default: Optional[str] = None, domain: Optional[str] = None,
-            path: Optional[str] = None) -> Optional[str]:
+    def get(
+        self, name: str, default: Optional[str] = None, domain: Optional[str] = None, path: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> Optional[str]:
         if domain and domain in self._cookies:
             return self._cookies[domain].get(name, default)
         return self._flat.get(name, default)
@@ -364,8 +367,7 @@ class RnetCookieAdapter(MutableMapping):
             return dict(self._cookies.get(domain, {}))
         return dict(self._flat)
 
-    def clear(self, domain: Optional[str] = None, path: Optional[str] = None,
-              name: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    def clear(self, domain: Optional[str] = None, path: Optional[str] = None, name: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """Remove cookies (requests RequestsCookieJar compat).
 
         - ``clear()`` removes all cookies.
@@ -527,7 +529,9 @@ class RnetSession:
             return url
         parsed = urlparse(url)
         separator = "&" if parsed.query else ""
-        query = parsed.query + separator + urlencode(params, doseq=True) if parsed.query else urlencode(params, doseq=True)
+        query = (
+            parsed.query + separator + urlencode(params, doseq=True) if parsed.query else urlencode(params, doseq=True)
+        )
         return urlunparse(parsed._replace(query=query))
 
     def get_sleep_time(self, response: Optional[RnetResponse], attempt: int) -> Optional[float]:
diff --git a/unshackle/core/titles/episode.py b/unshackle/core/titles/episode.py
index 814c381..020f369 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/titles/episode.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/titles/episode.py
@@ -103,33 +103,33 @@ class Episode(Title):
             if config.folder_template:
                 formatter = TemplateFormatter(config.folder_template)
                 context = self._build_template_context(media_info, show_service)
-                context['season'] = f"S{self.season:02}"
+                context["season"] = f"S{self.season:02}"
 
                 folder_name = formatter.format(context)
 
-                separators = re.sub(r'\{[^}]*\}', '', config.folder_template)
+                separators = re.sub(r"\{[^}]*\}", "", config.folder_template)
                 spacer = "." if "." in separators and " " not in separators else " "
                 return sanitize_filename(folder_name, spacer)
 
             series_template = config.output_template.get("series")
             if series_template:
                 derived_template = series_template
-                derived_template = re.sub(r'\{episode\}', '', derived_template)
-                derived_template = re.sub(r'\{episode_name\?\}', '', derived_template)
-                derived_template = re.sub(r'\{episode_name\}', '', derived_template)
-                derived_template = re.sub(r'\{season_episode\}', '{season}', derived_template)
+                derived_template = re.sub(r"\{episode\}", "", derived_template)
+                derived_template = re.sub(r"\{episode_name\?\}", "", derived_template)
+                derived_template = re.sub(r"\{episode_name\}", "", derived_template)
+                derived_template = re.sub(r"\{season_episode\}", "{season}", derived_template)
 
-                derived_template = re.sub(r'\.{2,}', '.', derived_template)
-                derived_template = re.sub(r'\s{2,}', ' ', derived_template)
-                derived_template = re.sub(r'^[\.\s]+|[\.\s]+$', '', derived_template)
+                derived_template = re.sub(r"\.{2,}", ".", derived_template)
+                derived_template = re.sub(r"\s{2,}", " ", derived_template)
+                derived_template = re.sub(r"^[\.\s]+|[\.\s]+$", "", derived_template)
 
                 formatter = TemplateFormatter(derived_template)
                 context = self._build_template_context(media_info, show_service)
-                context['season'] = f"S{self.season:02}"
+                context["season"] = f"S{self.season:02}"
 
                 folder_name = formatter.format(context)
 
-                separators = re.sub(r'\{[^}]*\}', '', derived_template)
+                separators = re.sub(r"\{[^}]*\}", "", derived_template)
                 spacer = "." if "." in separators and " " not in separators else " "
                 return sanitize_filename(folder_name, spacer)
             else:
diff --git a/unshackle/core/titles/movie.py b/unshackle/core/titles/movie.py
index d170b99..fcde150 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/titles/movie.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/titles/movie.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class Movie(Title):
                 context = self._build_template_context(media_info, show_service)
                 folder_name = formatter.format(context)
 
-                separators = re.sub(r'\{[^}]*\}', '', config.folder_template)
+                separators = re.sub(r"\{[^}]*\}", "", config.folder_template)
                 spacer = "." if "." in separators and " " not in separators else " "
                 return sanitize_filename(folder_name, spacer)
             name = f"{self.name}"
diff --git a/unshackle/core/titles/song.py b/unshackle/core/titles/song.py
index 3e1712a..402d5a6 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/titles/song.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/titles/song.py
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class Song(Title):
                 context = self._build_template_context(media_info, show_service)
                 folder_name = formatter.format(context)
 
-                separators = re.sub(r'\{[^}]*\}', '', config.folder_template)
+                separators = re.sub(r"\{[^}]*\}", "", config.folder_template)
                 spacer = "." if "." in separators and " " not in separators else " "
                 return sanitize_filename(folder_name, spacer)
             name = f"{self.artist} - {self.album}"
diff --git a/unshackle/core/tracks/attachment.py b/unshackle/core/tracks/attachment.py
index 01f6acc..00a82e2 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/tracks/attachment.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/tracks/attachment.py
@@ -86,9 +86,7 @@ class Attachment:
                     raise ValueError(f"Failed to download attachment from URL: {e}")
 
         if path is not None and not isinstance(path, (str, Path)):
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Invalid attachment path type: expected str or Path, got {type(path).__name__}."
-            )
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid attachment path type: expected str or Path, got {type(path).__name__}.")
 
         if path is not None:
             path = Path(path)
diff --git a/unshackle/core/tracks/hybrid.py b/unshackle/core/tracks/hybrid.py
index 4a66866..54756d8 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/tracks/hybrid.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/tracks/hybrid.py
@@ -113,9 +113,7 @@ class Hybrid:
 
         # Edit L6 with actual luminance values from RPU, then L5 active area
         self.level_6()
-        base_video = next(
-            (v for v in videos if v.range in (Video.Range.HDR10, Video.Range.HDR10P)), None
-        )
+        base_video = next((v for v in videos if v.range in (Video.Range.HDR10, Video.Range.HDR10P)), None)
         if base_video and base_video.path:
             self.level_5(base_video.path)
 
@@ -423,7 +421,10 @@ class Hybrid:
                     level="ERROR",
                     operation="hybrid_level5",
                     message="Failed editing RPU Level 5 values",
-                    context={"returncode": result.returncode, "stderr": (result.stderr or b"").decode(errors="replace")},
+                    context={
+                        "returncode": result.returncode,
+                        "stderr": (result.stderr or b"").decode(errors="replace"),
+                    },
                 )
             Path.unlink(config.directories.temp / "RPU_L5.bin", missing_ok=True)
             raise ValueError("Failed editing RPU Level 5 values")
@@ -433,7 +434,10 @@ class Hybrid:
                 level="DEBUG",
                 operation="hybrid_level5",
                 message="Edited RPU Level 5 active area",
-                context={"crop": {"left": left, "right": right, "top": top, "bottom": bottom}, "samples": len(crop_results)},
+                context={
+                    "crop": {"left": left, "right": right, "top": top, "bottom": bottom},
+                    "samples": len(crop_results),
+                },
                 success=True,
             )
         self.rpu_file = "RPU_L5.bin"
@@ -524,7 +528,10 @@ class Hybrid:
                     level="ERROR",
                     operation="hybrid_level6",
                     message="Failed editing RPU Level 6 values",
-                    context={"returncode": result.returncode, "stderr": (result.stderr or b"").decode(errors="replace")},
+                    context={
+                        "returncode": result.returncode,
+                        "stderr": (result.stderr or b"").decode(errors="replace"),
+                    },
                 )
             Path.unlink(config.directories.temp / "RPU_L6.bin", missing_ok=True)
             raise ValueError("Failed editing RPU Level 6 values")
@@ -587,7 +594,12 @@ class Hybrid:
                 level="DEBUG",
                 operation="hybrid_inject_rpu",
                 message=f"Injected Dolby Vision metadata into {self.hdr_type} stream",
-                context={"hdr_type": self.hdr_type, "rpu_file": self.rpu_file, "output": self.hevc_file, "drop_hdr10plus": self.hdr10plus_to_dv},
+                context={
+                    "hdr_type": self.hdr_type,
+                    "rpu_file": self.rpu_file,
+                    "output": self.hevc_file,
+                    "drop_hdr10plus": self.hdr10plus_to_dv,
+                },
                 success=True,
             )
 
@@ -660,10 +672,14 @@ class Hybrid:
         result = subprocess.run(
             [
                 ffprobe_bin,
-                "-v", "error",
-                "-select_streams", "v:0",
-                "-show_entries", "stream_side_data=max_luminance,min_luminance,max_content,max_average",
-                "-of", "json",
+                "-v",
+                "error",
+                "-select_streams",
+                "v:0",
+                "-show_entries",
+                "stream_side_data=max_luminance,min_luminance,max_content,max_average",
+                "-of",
+                "json",
                 str(config.directories.temp / "HDR10.hevc"),
             ],
             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
diff --git a/unshackle/core/tracks/tracks.py b/unshackle/core/tracks/tracks.py
index 412b2a6..76136ff 100644
--- a/unshackle/core/tracks/tracks.py
+++ b/unshackle/core/tracks/tracks.py
@@ -322,9 +322,7 @@ class Tracks:
         base_tracks = []
         for range_type in base_ranges:
             base_tracks = [
-                v
-                for v in tracks
-                if v.range == range_type and (v.height in quality or int(v.width * 9 / 16) in quality)
+                v for v in tracks if v.range == range_type and (v.height in quality or int(v.width * 9 / 16) in quality)
             ]
             if base_tracks:
                 break